Masisitimu efiriji anoshandisa mafiriji semvura inoshanda, uye mafiriji anowanzova nemhando mbiri: mvura uye gasi. Nhasi tichataura nezveruzivo rwakakodzera nezvemafiriji emvura.
1. Chinhu chinotonhorera mufiriji here kana kuti gasi?
Mafiriji anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: mafiriji erefrigerant imwe chete, mafiriji akasanganiswa asiri azeotropic, uye mafiriji akasanganiswa eazeotropic.
Muumbirwo wechinhu chimwe chete chinoshanda mufiriji hauzochinje ingava gasi kana mvura, saka mamiriro egasi anogona kuchajwa kana uchichaja mufiriji.
Kunyangwe kuumbwa kweazeotropic refrigerant kwakasiyana, nekuti pombi yekufashaira yakafanana, kuumbwa kwegasi nemvura zvakafananawo, saka gasi rinogona kuchajwa;
Nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekufashaira dzemafiriji asiri eazeotropic, mafiriji emvura uye mafiriji egasi zvakasiyana mukugadzirwa kwawo. Kana mafiriji egasi akawedzerwa panguva ino, musanganiswa wemafiriji akawedzerwa uchasiyana. Semuenzaniso, imwe chete gasi refrigerant inowedzerwa. Refrigerant, saka mvura chete ndiyo inogona kuwedzerwa.
Kureva kuti, mafiriji asiri ezeotropic anofanira kuwedzerwa nemvura, uye mafiriji asiri azeotropic ese anotanga neR4. Rudzi urwu rwemvura runowedzerwa. Mafiriji akajairika asiri ezeotropic ndeaya: R40, R401A, R403B, R404A, R406A , R407A, R407B, R407C, R408A, R409A, R410A, R41A.
Kana zviri zvimwe zvinhu zvinogara zvichishandiswa mufiriji, zvakaita se: R134a, R22, R23, R290, R32, R500, R600a, kuumbwa kwefiriji hakuzokanganiswi nekuwedzera gasi kana mvura, saka zviri nyore.
Pakuwedzera refrigerant, tinofanira kuteerera zvinotevera:
(1) Tarisa maburi ari mugirazi rekuona;
(2) Kuyera kumanikidzwa kwakakwira nekuderera;
(3) Yera simba re compressor;
(4) Kuyera jekiseni.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa uye kusimbiswa kuti:
Mafiriji asingazootropic anofanira kuwedzerwa ari mumvura. Semuenzaniso, R410A refrigerant, musanganiswa wayo ndewekuti:
R32 (difluoromethane): 50%;
R125 (pentafluoroethane): 50%;
Nekuti mapombi ekufashaira eR32 neR125 akasiyana, kana silinda yerefrigerant yeR410A ikasiyiwa yakamira, pombi yekufashaira yeR32 neR125 yakasiyana, izvo zvinozoita kuti pave nerefrigerant ine gasi yakapfungaira muchikamu chepamusoro chesilinda yerefrigerant, uye musanganiswa wayo hausi 50% R32+ 50% R125, nekuti pombi yekufashaira yeR32 yakaderera, zvingangoita kuti chikamu chepamusoro cherefrigerant chive chikamu cheR32.
Saka, kana pakawedzerwa firiji ine gasi, firiji yakawedzerwa haisi R410A, asi R32.
Chechipiri, matambudziko akajairika emafiriji emvura
1. Kutama kwemvura inotonhorera
Kufamba kwemufiriji zvinoreva kuunganidzwa kwemvura inotonhorera mucompressor crankcase kana compressor yadzimwa. Chero bedzi tembiricha iri mukati mecompressor iri kutonhora kupfuura tembiricha iri mukati meevaporator, musiyano wekumanikidzwa pakati pecompressor neevaporator uchaendesa refrigerant kunzvimbo inotonhorera. Chiitiko ichi chinowanzoitika munguva yechando inotonhora. Zvisinei, kune maair conditioner nema heat pumps, kana condensing unit iri kure necompressor, kufamba kunogona kuitika kunyangwe tembiricha iri yakakwira.
Kana sisitimu yadzimwa, kana ikasavhurwa mukati memaawa mashoma, kunyangwe pasina musiyano wekumanikidzwa, chiitiko chekutama chinogona kuitika nekuda kwekukwezvwa kwerefrigerant iri mucrankcase kune refrigerant.
Kana mvura yakawandisa ikapinda mu crankcase ye compressor, chinhu chakaipisisa chinoitika kana compressor yatanga, zvichikonzera kutadza kushanda kwe compressor, zvakaita sekuputika kwe valvu, kukuvara kwe piston, kutadza kushanda kwe bearing uye kukurwa kwe bearing (Refrigerant inobvisa mafuta kubva muma bearing).
2. Mvura inofashaira mufiriji
Kana vharuvhu yekuwedzeredza ikakundikana, kana kuti feni ye evaporator ikakundikana kana kuti ikavharirwa ne air filter, refrigerant yemvura inozadza mu evaporator yopinda mu compressor nepaipi yekusveta muchimiro chemvura kwete utsi. Kana unit iri kushanda, nekuda kwekuzara kwemvura kunodzikisa mafuta ekufiriji, zvikamu zvinofamba zve compressor zvinopera, uye kumanikidzwa kwemafuta kunoderera, zvichiita kuti mudziyo wekuchengetedza kumanikidzwa kwemafuta ushande, zvichiita kuti crankcase irasikirwe nemafuta. Muchiitiko ichi, kana muchina ukadzimwa, chiitiko chekufambiswa kwe refrigerant chinoitika nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kuti hammer yemvura itangezve.
3. Kurova kwemvura
Kana nyundo yemvura yaitika, ruzha rwekurovera simbi kubva mukati mecompressor runogona kunzwika, uye runogona kuperekedzwa nekudengenyeka kwakasimba kwecompressor. Kurovera kwemvura kunogona kukonzera kuputika kwevharuvhu, kukuvara kwegasket yecompressor head, kutyoka kwetsvimbo yekubatanidza, kutyoka kwecrankshaft, uye kukuvara kwemamwe marudzi emacompressor. Nyundo yemvura inoitika kana refrigerant yemvura ikapinda mucrankcase yotangazve. Mune mamwe mayuniti, nekuda kwechimiro chepombi kana nzvimbo yezvikamu, refrigerant yemvura inoungana mupombi yekusveta kana evaporator panguva yekudzima kweyuniti uye inopinda mucompressor semvura yakachena uye nekumhanya kwakanyanya kana unit yavhurwa. . Kumhanya uye kusagadzikana kwe liquid slam zvakakwana kukunda chero dziviriro yecompressor yakavakirwa mukati kubva ku liquid slam.
4. Kushanda kwemudziyo wekudzora kuchengetedzeka kwe hydraulic
Muzvikamu zvekupisa kwakaderera, mushure menguva yekunyungudika, mudziyo wekudzora kumanikidzwa kwemafuta unowanzo konzerwa nekuzara kwemufiriji wemvura. Masisitimu mazhinji akagadzirwa kuti abvumire mufiriji kuungana mu evaporator nemumutsara wekusveta panguva yekunyungudika, uye wozoyerera mucompressor crankcase pakutanga zvichikonzera kudzikira kwesimba remafuta, zvichiita kuti mudziyo wekuchengetedza kumanikidzwa kwemafuta ushande.
Dzimwe nguva zviito zviviri zvemuchina wekudzora kumanikidzwa kwemafuta hazvizokanganisi zvakanyanya compressor, asi kudzokororwa kakawanda pasina mamiriro akanaka ekuzora mafuta kuchaita kuti compressor isashande. Muchina wekudzora kumanikidzwa kwemafuta unowanzoonekwa sechikanganiso chidiki nemushandi, asi inyevero yekuti compressor yave ichishanda kwemaminitsi anopfuura maviri isina kuzora mafuta, uye matanho ekugadzirisa anofanira kuitwa nenguva.
3. Mhinduro dzedambudziko remafiriji emvura
Compressor yakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye inoshanda zvakanaka yekutonhodza, yekutonhodza mhepo, uye yekupisa pombi chaizvoizvo ipombi yevapori inogona kungobata huwandu hwakati hwemafuta emufiriji neoiri yemufiriji. Kuti pagadzirwe compressor inogona kubata mafiriji akawanda emvura neoiri yemufiriji, musanganiswa wehukuru, huremu, kugona kutonhodza, kushanda zvakanaka, ruzha uye mutengo unofanirwa kufungwa. Kunze kwezvinhu zvekugadzira, huwandu hwemvura inogona kubata compressor hwakatarwa, uye kugona kwayo kubata kunoenderana nezvinhu zvinotevera: vhoriyamu ye crankcase, kuchaja kwemafuta emufiriji, rudzi rwesystem uye kudzora, uye mamiriro ekushanda akajairika.
Kana chaji yerefrigerant ikawedzera, inowedzera njodzi yecompressor. Zvikonzero zvekukuvara zvinogona kuverengerwa nekuda kwezvinhu zvinotevera:
(1) Kubhadharisa zvakanyanya mufiriji.
(2) Muchina wekupwanya mvura wakaomeswa nechando.
(3) Sefa ye evaporator yakasviba uye yakavharwa.
(4) Fan kana mota yefeni inodzima.
(5) Kusarudzwa kwe capillary zvisiri izvo.
(6) Kusarudzwa kana kugadziriswa kwevharuvhu yekutambanudza hakuna kururama.
(7) Kutama kwemufiriji.
1. Kutama kwemvura inotonhorera
Kufamba kwemufiriji zvinoreva kuunganidzwa kwemvura inotonhorera mucompressor crankcase kana compressor yadzimwa. Chero bedzi tembiricha iri mukati mecompressor iri kutonhora kupfuura tembiricha iri mukati meevaporator, musiyano wekumanikidzwa pakati pecompressor neevaporator uchaendesa refrigerant kunzvimbo inotonhorera. Chiitiko ichi chinowanzoitika munguva yechando inotonhora. Zvisinei, kune maair conditioner nema heat pumps, kana condensing unit iri kure necompressor, kufamba kunogona kuitika kunyangwe tembiricha iri yakakwira.
Kana sisitimu yadzimwa, kana ikasavhurwa mukati memaawa mashoma, kunyangwe pasina musiyano wekumanikidzwa, chiitiko chekutama chinogona kuitika nekuda kwekukwezvwa kwerefrigerant iri mucrankcase kune refrigerant.
Kana mvura yakawandisa ikapinda mu crankcase ye compressor, chinhu chakaipisisa chinoitika kana compressor yatanga, zvichikonzera kutadza kushanda kwe compressor, zvakaita sekuputika kwe valvu, kukuvara kwe piston, kutadza kushanda kwe bearing uye kukurwa kwe bearing (Refrigerant inobvisa mafuta kubva muma bearing).
2. Mvura inofashaira mufiriji
Kana vharuvhu yekuwedzeredza ikakundikana, kana kuti feni ye evaporator ikakundikana kana kuti ikavharirwa ne air filter, refrigerant yemvura inozadza mu evaporator yopinda mu compressor nepaipi yekusveta muchimiro chemvura kwete utsi. Kana unit iri kushanda, nekuda kwekuzara kwemvura kunodzikisa mafuta ekufiriji, zvikamu zvinofamba zve compressor zvinopera, uye kumanikidzwa kwemafuta kunoderera, zvichiita kuti mudziyo wekuchengetedza kumanikidzwa kwemafuta ushande, zvichiita kuti crankcase irasikirwe nemafuta. Muchiitiko ichi, kana muchina ukadzimwa, chiitiko chekufambiswa kwe refrigerant chinoitika nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kuti hammer yemvura itangezve.
3. Kurova kwemvura
Kana nyundo yemvura yaitika, ruzha rwekurovera simbi kubva mukati mecompressor runogona kunzwika, uye runogona kuperekedzwa nekudengenyeka kwakasimba kwecompressor. Kurovera kwemvura kunogona kukonzera kuputika kwevharuvhu, kukuvara kwegasket yecompressor head, kutyoka kwetsvimbo yekubatanidza, kutyoka kwecrankshaft, uye kukuvara kwemamwe marudzi emacompressor. Nyundo yemvura inoitika kana refrigerant yemvura ikapinda mucrankcase yotangazve. Mune mamwe mayuniti, nekuda kwechimiro chepombi kana nzvimbo yezvikamu, refrigerant yemvura inoungana mupombi yekusveta kana evaporator panguva yekudzima kweyuniti uye inopinda mucompressor semvura yakachena uye nekumhanya kwakanyanya kana unit yavhurwa. . Kumhanya uye kusagadzikana kwe liquid slam zvakakwana kukunda chero dziviriro yecompressor yakavakirwa mukati kubva ku liquid slam.
4. Kushanda kwemudziyo wekudzora kuchengetedzeka kwe hydraulic
Muzvikamu zvekupisa kwakaderera, mushure menguva yekunyungudika, mudziyo wekudzora kumanikidzwa kwemafuta unowanzo konzerwa nekuzara kwemufiriji wemvura. Masisitimu mazhinji akagadzirwa kuti abvumire mufiriji kuungana mu evaporator nemumutsara wekusveta panguva yekunyungudika, uye wozoyerera mucompressor crankcase pakutanga zvichikonzera kudzikira kwesimba remafuta, zvichiita kuti mudziyo wekuchengetedza kumanikidzwa kwemafuta ushande.
Dzimwe nguva zviito zviviri zvemuchina wekudzora kumanikidzwa kwemafuta hazvizokanganisi zvakanyanya compressor, asi kudzokororwa kakawanda pasina mamiriro akanaka ekuzora mafuta kuchaita kuti compressor isashande. Muchina wekudzora kumanikidzwa kwemafuta unowanzoonekwa sechikanganiso chidiki nemushandi, asi inyevero yekuti compressor yave ichishanda kwemaminitsi anopfuura maviri isina kuzora mafuta, uye matanho ekugadzirisa anofanira kuitwa nenguva.
3. Mhinduro dzedambudziko remafiriji emvura
Compressor yakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye inoshanda zvakanaka yekutonhodza, yekutonhodza mhepo, uye yekupisa pombi chaizvoizvo ipombi yevapori inogona kungobata huwandu hwakati hwemafuta emufiriji neoiri yemufiriji. Kuti pagadzirwe compressor inogona kubata mafiriji akawanda emvura neoiri yemufiriji, musanganiswa wehukuru, huremu, kugona kutonhodza, kushanda zvakanaka, ruzha uye mutengo unofanirwa kufungwa. Kunze kwezvinhu zvekugadzira, huwandu hwemvura inogona kubata compressor hwakatarwa, uye kugona kwayo kubata kunoenderana nezvinhu zvinotevera: vhoriyamu ye crankcase, kuchaja kwemafuta emufiriji, rudzi rwesystem uye kudzora, uye mamiriro ekushanda akajairika.
Kana chaji yerefrigerant ikawedzera, inowedzera njodzi yecompressor. Zvikonzero zvekukuvara zvinogona kuverengerwa nekuda kwezvinhu zvinotevera:
(1) Kubhadharisa zvakanyanya mufiriji.
(2) Muchina wekupwanya mvura wakaomeswa nechando.
(3) Sefa ye evaporator yakasviba uye yakavharwa.
(4) Fan kana mota yefeni inodzima.
(5) Kusarudzwa kwe capillary zvisiri izvo.
(6) Kusarudzwa kana kugadziriswa kwevharuvhu yekutambanudza hakuna kururama.
(7) Kutama kwemufiriji.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-31-2022
