Mafiriji masisitimu anoshandisa mafiriji semvura inoshanda, uye mafiriji anowanzo kuve nemhando mbiri: mvura uye gasi. Nhasi tichataura nezve ruzivo rwakakosha nezve refrigerants yemvura.
1. Iyo mufiriji mvura kana gasi?
Mafiriji anogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: mafiriji ega ega efiriji, asiri-azeotropic akasanganiswa mafiriji, uye azeotropic akasanganiswa mafiriji.
Kuumbwa kwechinhu chimwe chete chinoshanda chefiriji hachizoshanduki kana iri gasi kana mvura, saka iyo gaseous state inogona kubhadhariswa kana ichichaja firiji.
Kunyange zvazvo kuumbwa kweazeotropic refrigerant kwakasiyana, nokuti nzvimbo yekubikira yakafanana, kuumbwa kwegasi uye mvura yakafanana, saka gasi rinogona kubhadharwa;
Nekuda kweakasiyana ekubikira mapoinzi easiri-azeotropic refrigerants, mvura refrigerants uye gaseous refrigerants zvinonyatso siyana mukuumbwa. Kana mafiriji egasi akawedzerwa panguva ino, kuumbwa kwemafiriji akawedzerwa kuchave kwakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, imwe chete gaseous refrigerant inowedzerwa. Refrigerant, saka mvura chete inogona kuwedzerwa.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti, kwete-azeotropic refrigerants inofanira kuwedzerwa nemvura, uye kwete-azeotropic refrigerants zvose zvinotanga neR4. Rudzi urwu rwemvura runowedzerwa. Mafiriji akajairika asiri-azeotropic ndeaya: R40, R401A, R403B, R404A, R406A , R407A, R407B, R407C, R408A, R409A, R410A, R41A.
Kana ari mamwe mafiriji akajairika, akadai se: R134a, R22, R23, R290, R32, R500, R600a, kuumbwa kwefiriji hakuzokanganiswa nekuwedzera kwegasi kana mvura, saka zviri nyore.
Paunenge uchiwedzera refrigerant, tinofanira kuterera kune zvinotevera:
(1) Tarisa mabhuru ari mugirazi rekuona;
(2) Kuyera yakakwirira uye yakaderera kumanikidzwa;
(3) Kuyera compressor ikozvino;
(4) Yeresa jekiseni.
Mukuwedzera, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa uye kusimbiswa kuti:
Non-azeotropic refrigerants inofanira kuwedzerwa mumamiriro emvura. Semuenzaniso, R410A refrigerant, kuumbwa kwayo kunotevera:
R32 (difluoromethane): 50%;
R125 (pentafluoroethane): 50%;
Nekuti iyo yekubikira mapoinzi eR32 neR125 akasiyana, kana R410A refrigerant cylinder yasara yakamira, nzvimbo yekubikira yeR32 neR125 yakasiyana, izvo zvinozotungamira kune vaporized gaseous refrigerant muchikamu chepamusoro chesilinda yefiriji, uye kuumbwa hakusi 50% R32+ 50% R125, nokuti nzvimbo yekuvira ye R32 yakaderera, zvinowanzoitika kuti chikamu chepamusoro chefiriji chikamu cheR32.
Saka, kana gaseous refrigerant yakawedzerwa, iyo firiji yakawedzerwa haisi R410A, asi R32.
Chechipiri, matambudziko akajairika emafiriji emvura
1. Liquid refrigerant migration
Refrigerant migration inoreva kuunganidzwa kwemvura mufiriji mu compressor crankcase kana compressor yavharwa. Chero bedzi tembiricha iri mukati mecompressor ichitonhorera kupfuura tembiricha iri mukati meevaporator, mutsauko wekumanikidza pakati pe compressor uye evaporator inotyaira firiji kunzvimbo inotonhorera. Ichi chiitiko chinonyanya kuitika munguva yechando. Zvisinei, kune air conditioners uye pombi dzekupisa, kana iyo condensing unit iri kure ne compressor, kutama kunogona kuitika kunyange kana kutonhora kwakanyanya.
Kana iyo system ikavharwa, kana isina kuvhurwa mukati memaawa mashoma, kunyangwe pasina kudzvanywa musiyano, chiitiko chekufamba chinogona kuitika nekuda kwekukwezva kwefiriji mu crankcase kune refrigerant.
Kana iyo yakawandisa yefiriji yefiriji ikapinda mu crankcase yecompressor, chinhu chakanyanya chemvura slam chiitiko chichaitika kana compressor yatangwa, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwakasiyana kwecompressor, senge kuputika kweplate revhavha, kukuvara kwepiston, kutadza uye kutakura kukukurwa (Iyo firiji inoputika. mafuta kubva pamaberengi).
2. Liquid refrigerant inofashukira
Kana vharuvhu yekuwedzera ikatadza, kana kuti evaporator feni ikatadza kana kuvharwa nesefa yemhepo, refrigerant yemvura inopfachukira muevaporator yopinda mucompressor kuburikidza nepombi yekukweva muchimiro chemvura kwete mhute. Kana iyo unit iri kushanda, nekuda kwekuyerera kwemvura kudhiza mafuta efiriji, zvikamu zvinofamba zvecompressor zvinopfekwa, uye kudzvanywa kwemafuta kunodzikira, zvichikonzera kuti mafuta ekumanikidza kuchengetedza mudziyo kuita, nekudaro zvichiita kuti crankcase irasikirwe nemafuta. Muchiitiko ichi, kana muchina wacho wakavharwa, chiitiko chekufambisa kwefriji chichaitika nokukurumidza, zvichiita kuti nyundo yemvura itangezve.
3. Mvura yekurova
Kana iyo nyundo yemvura ikaitika, simbi inorovera ruzha kubva mukati me compressor inogona kunzwika, uye inogona kuperekedzwa nechisimba vibration ye compressor. Liquid slam inogona kukonzera kuputika kwevharuvhu, compressor musoro gasket kukuvara, kubatanidza tsvimbo kutyoka, crankshaft kutyoka, uye kukuvara kune mamwe marudzi emacompressor. Sando yemvura inoitika kana mvura yefiriji ikapinda mu crankcase yotangazve. Mune mamwe mayuniti, nekuda kweiyo pombi chimiro kana nzvimbo yezvikamu, refrigerant yemvura inoungana mupombi yekudhonza kana evaporator panguva yekudzima kweiyo unit uye inopinda mu compressor semvura yakachena uye nekunyanya kumhanya kana unit yavhurwa. . Iko kumhanya uye inertia yemvura slam yakakwana kukunda chero yakavakirwa-mukati compressor dziviriro kubva kumvura slam.
4. Chiito che hydraulic safety control device
Mune seti yeyakadzika tembiricha mayuniti, mushure menguva yekudzima, iyo oiri yekumanikidza kuchengetedza kuchengetedza mudziyo unowanzo kukonzereswa kuita nekuda kwekuwanda kwemvura yefiriji. Mazhinji masisitimu akagadzirirwa kubvumira firiji kuti inyunguruke muevaporator uye mutsara wekusveta panguva yekunyungudika, uye yobva yayerera ichipinda mucompressor crankcase pakutanga ichikonzera kudonha kwemafuta, zvichiita kuti mafuta ekumanikidza kuchengetedza mudziyo ushande.
Dzimwe nguva chiito chimwe kana zviviri zveoiri yekumanikidza kuchengetedza kudzora mudziyo haizove neyakakomba pane compressor, asi inodzokororwa kakawanda pasina yakanaka lubrication mamiriro anoita kuti compressor ikunde. Iyo oiri yekumanikidza kuchengetedza kuchengetedza mudziyo inowanzoonekwa sediki mhosva nemushandisi, asi yambiro yekuti compressor yanga ichimhanya kweanopfuura maminetsi maviri pasina lubrication, uye matanho ekugadzirisa anofanirwa kuitwa nenguva.
3. Mhinduro kune dambudziko remvura refrigerants
Iyo yakanyatsogadzirwa, inobudirira compressor yefiriji, mhepo yekudziya, uye kupisa pombi impombi inopfungaira inongokwanisa kubata imwe huwandu hwemvura yefiriji nemafuta efiriji. Kuti ugadzire compressor inogona kubata mamwe mafiriji emvura uye mafuta efiriji, musanganiswa wehukuru, uremu, kutonhora kwesimba, kugona, ruzha uye mutengo zvinofanirwa kutariswa. Kunze kwezvinhu zvekugadzira, huwandu hwefiriji yemvura inogona kubata compressor yakagadziriswa, uye kugona kwayo kwekubata kunoenderana nezvinhu zvinotevera: crankcase volume, refrigerant oil charge, rudzi rwesystem uye zvidzoreso, uye zvakajairwa kushanda mamiriro.
Kana iyo refrigerant charge ichiwedzera, inowedzera njodzi inogona kuitika ye compressor. Zvikonzero zvekukuvadza zvinogona kuverengerwa kune zvinotevera pfungwa:
(1) Muchaji wefiriji wakawandisa.
(2) Evaporator ine chando.
(3) Iyo evaporator sefa yakasviba uye yakavharika.
(4) Iyo evaporator fan kana fan mota inotadza.
(5) Kusarudzwa kwecapillary kusina kunaka.
(6) Kusarudzwa kana kugadziriswa kwevhavha yekuwedzera hakuna kururama.
(7) Refrigerant migration.
1. Liquid refrigerant migration
Refrigerant migration inoreva kuunganidzwa kwemvura mufiriji mu compressor crankcase kana compressor yavharwa. Chero bedzi tembiricha iri mukati mecompressor ichitonhorera kupfuura tembiricha iri mukati meevaporator, mutsauko wekumanikidza pakati pe compressor uye evaporator inotyaira firiji kunzvimbo inotonhorera. Ichi chiitiko chinonyanya kuitika munguva yechando. Zvisinei, kune air conditioners uye pombi dzekupisa, kana iyo condensing unit iri kure ne compressor, kutama kunogona kuitika kunyange kana kutonhora kwakanyanya.
Kana iyo system ikavharwa, kana isina kuvhurwa mukati memaawa mashoma, kunyangwe pasina kudzvanywa musiyano, chiitiko chekufamba chinogona kuitika nekuda kwekukwezva kwefiriji mu crankcase kune refrigerant.
Kana iyo yakawandisa yefiriji yefiriji ikapinda mu crankcase yecompressor, chinhu chakanyanya chemvura slam chiitiko chichaitika kana compressor yatangwa, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kwakasiyana kwecompressor, senge kuputika kweplate revhavha, kukuvara kwepiston, kutadza uye kutakura kukukurwa (Iyo firiji inoputika. mafuta kubva pamaberengi).
2. Liquid refrigerant inofashukira
Kana vharuvhu yekuwedzera ikatadza, kana kuti evaporator feni ikatadza kana kuvharwa nesefa yemhepo, refrigerant yemvura inopfachukira muevaporator yopinda mucompressor kuburikidza nepombi yekukweva muchimiro chemvura kwete mhute. Kana iyo unit iri kushanda, nekuda kwekuyerera kwemvura kudhiza mafuta efiriji, zvikamu zvinofamba zvecompressor zvinopfekwa, uye kudzvanywa kwemafuta kunodzikira, zvichikonzera kuti mafuta ekumanikidza kuchengetedza mudziyo kuita, nekudaro zvichiita kuti crankcase irasikirwe nemafuta. Muchiitiko ichi, kana muchina wacho wakavharwa, chiitiko chekufambisa kwefriji chichaitika nokukurumidza, zvichiita kuti nyundo yemvura itangezve.
3. Mvura yekurova
Kana iyo nyundo yemvura ikaitika, simbi inorovera ruzha kubva mukati me compressor inogona kunzwika, uye inogona kuperekedzwa nechisimba vibration ye compressor. Liquid slam inogona kukonzera kuputika kwevharuvhu, compressor musoro gasket kukuvara, kubatanidza tsvimbo kutyoka, crankshaft kutyoka, uye kukuvara kune mamwe marudzi emacompressor. Sando yemvura inoitika kana mvura yefiriji ikapinda mu crankcase yotangazve. Mune mamwe mayuniti, nekuda kweiyo pombi chimiro kana nzvimbo yezvikamu, refrigerant yemvura inoungana mupombi yekudhonza kana evaporator panguva yekudzima kweiyo unit uye inopinda mu compressor semvura yakachena uye nekunyanya kumhanya kana unit yavhurwa. . Iko kumhanya uye inertia yemvura slam yakakwana kukunda chero yakavakirwa-mukati compressor dziviriro kubva kumvura slam.
4. Chiito che hydraulic safety control device
Mune seti yeyakadzika tembiricha mayuniti, mushure menguva yekudzima, iyo oiri yekumanikidza kuchengetedza kuchengetedza mudziyo unowanzo kukonzereswa kuita nekuda kwekuwanda kwemvura yefiriji. Mazhinji masisitimu akagadzirirwa kubvumira firiji kuti inyunguruke muevaporator uye mutsara wekusveta panguva yekunyungudika, uye yobva yayerera ichipinda mucompressor crankcase pakutanga ichikonzera kudonha kwemafuta, zvichiita kuti mafuta ekumanikidza kuchengetedza mudziyo ushande.
Dzimwe nguva chiito chimwe kana zviviri zveoiri yekumanikidza kuchengetedza kudzora mudziyo haizove neyakakomba pane compressor, asi inodzokororwa kakawanda pasina yakanaka lubrication mamiriro anoita kuti compressor ikunde. Iyo oiri yekumanikidza kuchengetedza kuchengetedza mudziyo inowanzoonekwa sediki mhosva nemushandisi, asi yambiro yekuti compressor yanga ichimhanya kweanopfuura maminetsi maviri pasina lubrication, uye matanho ekugadzirisa anofanirwa kuitwa nenguva.
3. Mhinduro kune dambudziko remvura refrigerants
Iyo yakanyatsogadzirwa, inobudirira compressor yefiriji, mhepo yekudziya, uye kupisa pombi impombi inopfungaira inongokwanisa kubata imwe huwandu hwemvura yefiriji nemafuta efiriji. Kuti ugadzire compressor inogona kubata mamwe mafiriji emvura uye mafuta efiriji, musanganiswa wehukuru, uremu, kutonhora kwesimba, kugona, ruzha uye mutengo zvinofanirwa kutariswa. Kunze kwezvinhu zvekugadzira, huwandu hwefiriji yemvura inogona kubata compressor yakagadziriswa, uye kugona kwayo kwekubata kunoenderana nezvinhu zvinotevera: crankcase volume, refrigerant oil charge, rudzi rwesystem uye zvidzoreso, uye zvakajairwa kushanda mamiriro.
Kana iyo refrigerant charge ichiwedzera, inowedzera njodzi inogona kuitika ye compressor. Zvikonzero zvekukuvadza zvinogona kuverengerwa kune zvinotevera pfungwa:
(1) Muchaji wefiriji wakawandisa.
(2) Evaporator ine chando.
(3) Iyo evaporator sefa yakasviba uye yakavharika.
(4) Iyo evaporator fan kana fan mota inotadza.
(5) Kusarudzwa kwecapillary kusina kunaka.
(6) Kusarudzwa kana kugadziriswa kwevhavha yekuwedzera hakuna kururama.
(7) Refrigerant migration.
Nguva yekutumira: May-31-2022
