Kuomesa nechando: Maitiro ekushandisa chinhu chinobva mufiriji chinotonhodza chigadzirwa kubva pakupisa kwakajairika wozochiomesa nechando.
Kuisa mufiriji: Maitiro ekushandisa kuwana tembiricha yakaderera uchishandisa shanduko yemamiriro emuviri wefiriji kuti uwane tembiricha yakaderera kuburikidza nemhedzisiro yekutonhora.
Mhando dzemidziyo yekutonhodza: kugadzirwa kwechinhu chinotonhora (kutonhodza), kuomesa zvinhu, kutonhora.
Nzira yekuisa mufiriji: rudzi rwepiston, rudzi rwesikuruu, unit ye centrifugal refrigeration compressor, unit yeabsorption refrigeration, unit ye steam jet refrigeration uye liquid nitrogen.
Nzira yekuomesa: inotonhorerwa nemhepo, inonyudzwa mumvura uye inotonhorera nepachubhu yesimbi, madziro uye mudziyo wekutonhodza kupisa unosangana nezvinhu.
kushandiswa:
1. Kutakurwa kwechikafu chakaomeswa nechando, chakaiswa mufiriji uye chakaiswa muchando.
2. Kutonhodza, kufiriji, kuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhodza uye kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvekurima nezvekudya.
3. Kugadzira chikafu, sekuomesa nechando, kuisa muchando uye kutonhodza zvinhu.
4. Kutonhodza mhepo mumafekitori ekugadzira chikafu.
Nheyo yekutenderera kwefiriji
Midziyo mikuru: compressor yekutonhodza, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator.
Nheyo yekushanda mufiriji: Refrigerant inonwisa kupisa uye inosvika pakufashaira kwayo kana iri mumamiriro ekupisa kwakaderera uye kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, uye yobva yapwa kuita utsi hwekupisa kwakaderera uye kumanikidzwa kwakaderera. Refrigerant inonwisa kuita gasi inova gasi rekupisa kwakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakakwira pasi pekushanda kwecompressor, uye tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakakwira zvinoumba mvura ine kumanikidzwa kwakakwira. Mushure mekuwedzera vharuvhu, inova mvura ine kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, uye inonwisa kupisa uye inonwisa zvakare kuti igadzire kutenderera kwefiriji.
Pfungwa neMitemo Yekutanga
Kugona kutonhora mufiriji: Pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekushanda (ndiko kuti, tembiricha yekupisa inotonhorera mufiriji, tembiricha yekudziyisa mvura, tembiricha yekutonhodza), huwandu hwekupisa hunotorwa nefiriji kubva muchinhu chakaomeswa nechando panguva imwe neimwe. Inozivikanwawo sesimba rekutonhodza refiriji. Pasi pemamwe mamiriro akafanana, simba rekutonhodza refiriji rimwe chete rine chekuita nehukuru, kumhanya uye kushanda zvakanaka kwecompressor.
Kutonhodza zvakananga: Muchikamu chekutonhodza, kana firiji ikatora kupisa, evaporator inochinjana kupisa zvakananga nechinhu chinotonhodzwa kana nharaunda yakakomberedza chinhu chinotonhodzwa. Inowanzo shandiswa mumidziyo imwe chete yekutonhodza inoda kutonhodzwa mumaindasitiri, senge mafiriji eice cream, mafiriji madiki anotonhorera uye mafiriji emumba.
Refrigerant: Chinhu chinoshanda chinoramba chichitenderera mufiriji kuti chiite firiji. Chishandiso chekudzikisa vapor chinofambisa kupisa kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemamiriro efiriji. Refrigerant chinhu chakakosha kuti chiite firiji yakagadzirwa.
Mafiriji anoshandiswa zvakanyanya
Mafiriji anoshandiswa zvakanyanya: mhepo, mvura, mvura ine munyu uye mvura yeorganic solution.
Zvinodiwa pakusarudza: nzvimbo yakaderera yechando, simba guru rekupisa, hapana ngura yesimbi, kugadzikana kwemakemikari, mutengo wakaderera uye nyore kuwana.
Kunyangwe mhepo semuchina wekuisa mufiriji ine mabhenefiti akawanda, inoshandiswa chete muchimiro chekusangana zvakananga nechikafu mufiriji kana mukugadzirwa kwechando nekuda kwesimba rayo shoma rekupisa uye kutadza kutamisa kupisa kwe convection kana ikashandiswa senzvimbo ine gasi.
Mvura ine kupisa kwakanyanya, asi ine pokuomesa nechando zvakanyanya, saka inogona kushandiswa chete sefiriji yekugadzira pokuomesa nechando pamusoro pe0 °C. Kana pokuomesa nechando pasi pe0 °C zvichizogadzirwa, mvura ine brine kana organic solution inoshandiswa sefiriji.
Mhinduro dzemvura dze sodium chloride, calcium chloride uye magnesium chloride dzinowanzonzi frozen brine. Mvura yemvura yechando inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvikafu i sodium chloride aqueous solution. Pakati pe organic solution refrigerants, mafiriji maviri anonyanya kumiririrwa. Imvura ye ethylene glycol ne propylene glycol.
Chishandiso chikuru chemidziyo yekudziya yepiston
Basa: Inoshandiswa kudzvanya firiji kuti iite basa, iwane simba, uye yozodzikama yowedzera kuita chinhu chinotonhora chinogona kutora kupisa.
Nzira yekumiririra modhi iyi: huwandu hwemasirindi, rudzi rwefiriji inoshandiswa, rudzi rwemarongerwo emasirindi, uye dhayamita yesirindi.
Maumbirwo: Silinda block, silinda, piston, tsvimbo yekubatanidza, crankshaft, crankcase, mavharuvhu ekupinda nekubuda, chifukidziro chenhema, nezvimwewo.
Maitiro ekushanda: Kana piston ikakwira kumusoro, vharuvhu yekukweva inovhurwa, uye mhute inotonhorera inopinda musirindiri iri pamusoro pepiston kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekukweva. Kana piston ikakwira kumusoro, vharuvhu yekukweva inovharwa, piston inoramba ichifamba ichikwira kumusoro, uye refrigerant iri musirindiri. Yakamanikidzwa, kana kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwasvika padanho rakati, vharuvhu yekuburitsa mweya yekuvhara kwenhema inovhurwa, uye mhute inotonhorera inoburitswa kubva musirindiri yodzvanywa mupaipi ine simba guru.
Zvinhu: Chimiro chiri nyore, chiri nyore kugadzira, chinochinjika zvakasimba, kushanda kwakasimba uye kugadzirisa kuri nyore.
kondensata
Basa: chinodzora kupisa, chinoita kuti utsi hwemufiriji hupiswe zvakanyanya huite mvura nekutonhodza nekutonhodza.
Rudzi: goko rakatwasuka nechubhu, goko rakatwasuka nechubhu, pfapfaidzo yemvura, evaporative, kutonhora kwemhepo
Maitiro ekushanda: Utsi hwemufiriji hunopisa zvikuru hunopinda mucondenser kubva pamusoro peganda uye hunobata pamusoro pechubhu inotonhora, uye hwozobatana kuita firimu remvura pairi. Pasi pesimba regiravhiti, condensate inotsvedza pasi pechubhu yobva yaparadzana nechubhu.
Muchina wekupfapfaidza mvura une dura remvura, pombi inotonhodza, uye tangi rekugovera mvura.
Maitiro ekushanda: Mvura inotonhodza inopinda mutangi rekugovera mvura ichibva kumusoro, yoyerera ichienda pamusoro pechubhu yakamonerwa kuburikidza netangi rekugovera mvura. Chikamu chemvura chinopwanyika, uye chimwe chasara chinowira mudziva remvura. Pasi pepombi yemutsara wakavanzika inopinda mupombi, uye painokwira ichitevedza pombi, inotonhodzwa uye inopfupikiswa, uye inoyerera ichipinda mudura remvura.
Vharuvhu yekuwedzera
Basa: kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemuchina wekuisa mufiriji uye kudzora kuyerera kwemuchina wekuisa mufiriji. Kana muchina wekuisa mufiriji une simba guru ukapinda nepakati pevharuvhu yekutambanudza, kumanikidzwa kwemuchina wekuisa mufiriji kunoderera zvakanyanya kusvika pakumanikidzwa kwemhepo, uye panguva imwe chete, muchina wekuisa mufiriji unofashaira uye unotora kupisa, uye tembiricha yawo inoderera.
Vharuvhu yekuwedzera kupisa: Inoshandisa mwero wekupisa kwemhepo panzvimbo inobuda evaporator kugadzirisa firiji. Pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairwa echikamu chefiriji, kumanikidzwa kwemafuta echinhu chinopa mvura kwakaenzana nehuwandu hwekumanikidzwa kwegesi pasi pediaphragm nekumanikidzwa kwechitubu, uye iri mumamiriro ekuenzana. Kusakwana kwehuwandu hwefiriji kunoita kuti mwero udzoke panzvimbo inobuda evaporator, mwero wekupisa kwakanyanya unowedzera, tembiricha ye sensor yekupisa inowedzera, diaphragm inofamba ichidzika, uye kuvhurwa kwenzvimbo inobuda mvura kunowedzera kusvika huwandu hwemvura inopihwa hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwekubuda kwemhepo, uye tembiricha ye sensor yekupisa inowedzera. Saka, vharuvhu yekuwedzera kupisa inogona kugadzirisa mwero wekuvhura kwevharuvhu, uye huwandu hwemvura inogona kuwedzera kana kudzikira nemutoro, izvo zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yekupisa ye evaporator inoshandiswa zvizere.
Muchina wekupwanya mvura
Basa: Refrigerant inonwisa kupisa kwechinhu chinotonhodza.
Kupatsanura: Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechinhu chinotonhodza, chakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu.
1. Evaporator yekutonhodza mvura inotonhodza: senge mvura inotonhodza, brine cooler, nezvimwewo. Refrigerant inonwisa kupisa kunze kwechubhu, uye mvura inotonhodza inotenderera muchubhu kuburikidza nepombi yemvura. Yakakamurwa kuva mhando yechubhu yakatwasuka, mhando yechubhu yakatwasuka, mhando yechubhu inotenderera uye mhando yekoiri zvichienderana nechimiro.
2. Evaporator yekutonhodza mhepo: refrigerant inopwa muchubhu, mhepo inoyerera ichienda kunze, uye kuyerera kwemhepo ndekwemuchina we convection wechisikigo
3. Muchina wekupomesa zvinhu zvakachengetwa mufiriji unotonhodza zvinhu zvakachengetwa mufiriji: Muchina wekupomesa zvinhu unopwa kune rumwe rutivi rwechikamu chinotapurira kupisa, uye rumwe rutivi rwechikamu rwunobatwa zvakananga nezvinhu zvakachengetwa mufiriji kana kuti zvakachengetwa mufiriji.
Zvinhu zviri mukati: mhedzisiro yakanaka yekufambisa kupisa, chimiro chiri nyore, nhanho diki, uye kusapisa kwakanyanya kumidziyo nekuda kwesystem yekutenderera kwefiriji yakavharwa.
Dambudziko: Kana pombi yemvura yamira nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka, kuomesa kunogona kuitika, zvichiita kuti chubhu iparare.
pombi yekutonhodza
Pombi yekutonhodza yakatwasuka
Zvakanakira: Mushure mekunge firiji yapiswa, zviri nyore kuiburitsa, uye kupisa kunochinja zvakanaka, asi kana pombi yekubuda utsi yakwira, tembiricha yekubuda utsi yefiriji yepasi inokwira nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwakasimba kwekoramu yemvura.
Pombi yemadziro yemhando yekoiri imwe chete:
Zvakanakira: Huwandu hwemuchina wekuisa mufiriji hudiki, hunosvika 50% yehuwandu hwepombi yekubuda utsi, asi muchina wekuisa mufiriji hauzokurumidzi kuburitswa mupombi mushure mekupiswa, izvo zvinoderedza simba rekufambisa kupisa.
Chubhu yakakombama:
Zvakanakira: nzvimbo yakakura yekuparadza kupisa.
Midziyo yekubatsira yemidziyo yekudziya yepiston
mupatsanuri wemafuta
Basa: Inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa mafuta ekuzora akaiswa mumvura yakamanikidzwa negasi kudzivirira mafuta ekuzora kuti asapinde mu condenser uye kuderedza mamiriro ekupisa.
Nheyo yekushanda: Nekushandisa huwandu hwakasiyana hwemadonhwe emafuta nemweya wemufiriji, mwero wekuyerera unoderedzwa nekuwedzera dhayamita yepombi, uye nzira yekuyerera kwemufiriji inochinjwa; kana nesimba repakati, madonhwe emafuta anogadzikana kusvika pakupisa kwemhepo. Kune mafuta ekuzora ari mumhepo, tembiricha yemhepo inoderedzwa nekusuka kana kutonhora, zvekuti inoungana kuita madonhwe emafuta uye inopatsanurwa. Chinoparadzanisa mafuta cherudzi rwefiriji chinoiswa mufiriji neFreon.
Basa remuunganidzi wemafuta: rinounganidza musanganiswa wefiriji nemafuta zvakaparadzaniswa nemuchina wekuparadzanisa mafuta, condenser nezvimwe zvishandiso zvemuchina wekutonhodza, uye rozoparadzanisa mafuta kubva mufiriji yakasanganiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderera, uye rozozviburitsa zvakasiyana. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mafuta anobuda zvakanaka, mafuta anoderedza kurasikirwa kwemuchina wekutonhodza.
Basa remuchina wekugamuchira mvura nderekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa muchina wekuisa mvura mufiriji unoiswa muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chemuchina wekuisa firiji kuti ushande zvakanaka. Muchina wekuisa mvura wakakamurwa kuita muchina wekuisa mvura mupressure yakakwira, muchina wekuisa mvura wakaderera, muchina wekuisa mvura mubharero remvura uye muchina wekuisa mvura mubharero rekuchengetedza mvura rinotenderera.
Basa remuchina wekuparadzanisa gasi nemvura: paradzanisa muchina wekuparadzanisa firiji kubva mumudziyo wemvura kuti mvura yekuparadzanisa firiji isapinde mucompressor uye rova silinda; paradzanisa mutsi usingashande uri mumvura yeammonia ine simba shoma mushure mekupwanya kuti uwedzere simba remuchina wekuparadzanisa kupisa.
Basa remuchina wekuparadzanisa mhepo: kuparadzanisa nekuburitsa gasi risingapindi mvura mumuviri kuitira kuti system yekutonhodza ishande zvakanaka.
Basa reintercooler: rakaiswa muchimiro chekutonhodza chematanho maviri (kana kuti akawanda-matanho) kuti ritonhodze gasi rinopisa rinobuda kubva muchikamu chekudzvanyirira chepasi kuti ritonhodze pakati pezvikamu kuti rive nechokwadi chekuti compressor yechikamu chekudzvanyirira chepamusoro ichishanda zvakanaka; Mafuta ekuzora akadzidziswa uye refrigerant inotonhodza zvinoita kuti refrigerant iwane basa rekutonhodza zvakanyanya.
Kuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora
Kupatsanura:
Nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora yakakura (inopfuura 5000t); nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora yepakati nepakati (1500 ~ 5000t); nzvimbo diki yekuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora (iri pasi pe1500t).
Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakushandisa:
Kuchengetera zvinhu zvinotonhora zvakanyanya: michero, miriwo, mazai matsva nezvimwe zvekudya zvinochengetwa mufiriji, tembiricha yekuchengetera yakawanda ndeye 4 ~ -2 ℃;
Kuchengetera kunotonhora pakupisa kwakaderera: kunyanya kuomesa nekuisa nyama mufiriji, zvigadzirwa zvemumvura, nezvimwewo, tembiricha yekuchengetera yakawanda ndeye -18 ~ -30 ℃;
Imba yekuchengetera zvinhu ine mhepo inotonhorera: mupunga wechitoro, manoodles, mishonga, waini, nezvimwewo. Kana tembiricha yakajairika, tembiricha yemumba ndeye 10 ~ 15 ℃
Midziyo inotonhodza nekukurumidza: Yakakodzera kuomesa zvinhu zvidiki zvakaputirwa kana kuti zvisina kuputirwa zvakaita semabhuroko, zvidimbu, uye granules kugadzira marudzi ese ezvekudya zvinotonhodza nekukurumidza zvakaita sezvipfuyo, zvigadzirwa zvemumvura, miriwo, uye madumplings. Kutonhora kwechando -30 ~ 40 ℃.
Bhokisi rinoita sebhokisi rinoita sebhokisi rinokurumidzira: Kune maplate akawanda akatsetseka anofambiswa ane mainterlayer mubhokisi akaputirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa. Macoil emvura anoiswa muinterlayer, uye brine inogonawo kudururwa pakati pemachubhu, uye refrigerant inoyerera nepakati pemacoil emvura inokurumidzira; zvigadzirwa zvinokurumidza kuomeswa nechando zvinoiswa pakati pemaplate, uye maplate anofambiswa kuti adzvanye zvinhu kuti zviome.
Muchina wekukurumidza kuomesa simbi werudzi rwetunnel: Une muviri wetunnel, evaporator, fan, material rack kana stainless steel transmission net. Chinhu chinotanga chapfuura nepakati pebhandi remesh redanho rekutanga, iro rinomhanya nekukurumidza, uye danho rematerial rinenge rakatetepa, zvekuti pamusoro paro panoita chando; bhandi remesh redanho rechipiri, iro rinomhanya zvishoma uye rine danho rematerial rakakora, rinoomesa simbi yese kuti iwane chigadzirwa chega chega chakaomeswa nechando nekukurumidza.
Mufiriji wekunyudza: Chinhu chakaomeswa nechando chinobatwa zvakananga negasi rakanyungudutswa kana kuti mufiriji wemvura une tembiricha yakaderera kuti chiite chigadzirwa chinotonhora nekukurumidza. Chikafu chinopfuura nepakati penzvimbo yekutonhodza isati yatanga, nzvimbo yekutonhora uye nzvimbo yepakati petembiricha. Nitrogen yemvura inochengetwa kunze kwemugero uye inounzwa munzvimbo yekutonhora pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakati kuti ipfapfaidze kana kunyudza. Nitrogen inoumbwa mushure mekunge nitrogen yemvura yatora kupisa ichiri patembiricha yakaderera zvikuru, -10 kusvika -5 °C, uye inotumirwa mugero nefeni. Isa muchando chikamu chapfuura. Munzvimbo yekutonhora, chikafu chinokurumidza kuomeswa nechando nekusangana nenitrogen yemvura pa -200°C.
Midziyo yekutonhodza mhepo inotonhorera
Kuchengetedzwa kwemhepo inotonhorera: Kusanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwemhepo inotonhorera nekuchengetedza mhepo inotonhorera, kudzora tembiricha yekuchengetera uye kuumbwa kwegasi, kuitira kuti huwandu hweokisijeni nekabhoni dhayokisaidhi mudura hushandiswe zvakanyanya pakuchengetera michero nemiriwo, uye kuchengetedza kwakanaka kunogona kuwanikwa.
Kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zviri mudura kudiki. Zvichienderana nehuwandu, huwandu hwekurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvinotonhorera mudura i21.3%, ukuwo huwandu hwekurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvinotonhorera mudura remhepo iri 4.8%.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-26-2022
