1. Kupisa: Kupisa ndiko kuyera kuti chinhu chinopisa kana kutonhora zvakadii.
Kune mayuniti matatu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya ekupisa (tembiricha scales): Celsius, Fahrenheit, uye absolute temperature.
Tembiricha yeCelsius (t, ℃): tembiricha yatinowanzo shandisa. Tembiricha inoyerwa neCelsius thermometer.
Fahrenheit (F, ℉): Tembiricha inowanzoshandiswa munyika dzeEurope neAmerica.
kushandurwa kwetembiricha:
F (°F) = 9/5 * t(°C) +32 (Tsvaga tembiricha muFahrenheit kubva patembiricha inozivikanwa muCelsius)
t (°C) = [F (°F)-32] * 5/9 (Tsvaga tembiricha muCelsius kubva patembiricha inozivikanwa muFahrenheit)
Chiyero chekupisa chakazara (T, ºK): chinowanzo shandiswa mukuverenga kwedzidziso.
Chiyero chekupisa chose uye kushandurwa kwekupisa kweCelsius:
T (ºK) = t (°C) +273 (Tsvaga tembiricha yakakwana kubva patembiricha inozivikanwa muCelsius)
2. Kudzvanyirira (P): Mufiriji, kudzvanyirira isimba rakamira panzvimbo yeyuniti, ndiko kuti, kudzvanyirira, uko kunowanzo kuyerwa negeji yekudzvanyirira uye geji yekudzvanyirira.
Zviyero zvakajairika zvekumanikidzwa ndeizvi:
Mpa (megapascal);
Kpa (kPa);
bhawa (bhawa);
kgf/cm2 (simba rekirogiramu remasendimita sikweya);
atm (kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakajairika);
mmHg (mamirimita emercury).
Hukama hwekushandura:
1Mpa=10bar=1000Kpa =7500.6 mmHg = 10.197 kgf/cm2
1atm=760mmHg=1.01326bar =0.101326Mpa
Kazhinji inoshandiswa muinjiniya:
1bar = 0.1Mpa ≈1 kgf/cm2 ≈ 1atm = 760 mmHg
Mienzaniso yakati wandei yekumanikidzwa:
Kudzvanywa Kwakakwana (Pj): Mumudziyo, kudzvanywa kunoitwa pamadziro emukati memudziyo nekufamba kwekupisa kwemamorekuru. Kudzvanywa kuri mutafura yezvigadzirwa zve refrigerant thermodynamic kazhinji kudzvanywa kwakazara.
Kumanikidzwa kwegeji (Pb): Kumanikidzwa kunoyerwa negeji yekumanikidza mufiriji. Kumanikidzwa kwegeji mutsauko uripo pakati pesimba regesi riri mumudziyo nesimba remhepo. Kazhinji zvinotendwa kuti simba regeji pamwe nebhaa imwe, kana kuti 0.1Mpa, ndiro simba remagetsi.
Dhigirii reVacuum (H): Kana kumanikidzwa kwegeji kuri negative, tora kukosha kwayo kwakazara wobva waratidza mudhigirii reVacuum.
3. Tafura yezvigadzirwa zveRefrigerant thermodynamic: Tafura yezvigadzirwa zveRefrigerant thermodynamic inoratidza tembiricha (tembiricha yekuzara) nekumanikidzwa (kuzara kwesimba) nezvimwe zvikamu zveRefrigerant mumamiriro akazara. Pane hukama hwemunhu mumwe nemumwe pakati petembiricha nekumanikidzwa kweRefrigerant mumamiriro akazara.
Zvinotendwa kuti firiji iri mu evaporator, condenser, gas-liquid separator, uye low-pressure circulating barrel iri mu saturated state. Mhute (liquid) iri mu saturated state inonzi saturated vapor (liquid), uye tembiricha nepressure zvinoenderana zvinonzi saturation temperature ne saturation pressure.
Munzvimbo yekutonhodza, kune refrigerant, tembiricha yayo yekuzara uye kumanikidzwa kwayo kwekuzara zvinoenderana. Kana tembiricha yekuzara yakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwayo kwekuzara kwakakwira.
Kubuda kwemvura mufiriji mu evaporator uye kunyungudika kwemvura mu condenser zvinoitwa muchimiro chakazara, saka tembiricha yekubuda kwemvura uye kumanikidzwa kwekubuda kwemvura, uye tembiricha yekunyungudika uye kumanikidzwa kwekunyungudika zviriwo mukubatana kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe. Hukama hunoenderana hunogona kuwanikwa mutafura ye refrigerant thermodynamic properties.
4. Tafura yekuenzanisa tembiricha yefriji uye kumanikidzwa:
5. Mhute inopisa zvikuru nemvura inotonhorera zvakanyanya: Pasi pesimba rakati, tembiricha yemhute yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yekuzara pasi pesimba rakati, iro rinonzi mhute inopisa zvikuru. Pasi pesimba rakati, tembiricha yemhute yakaderera pane tembiricha yekuzara pasi pesimba rakati, iro rinonzi mvura inotonhorera zvikuru.
Kuwanda kwekupisa kwekusveta kunodarika tembiricha yekusveta kunonzi suction superheat. Dhigirii rekupisa kwekusveta rinowanzo fanirwa kudzorwa pa5 kusvika 10 °C.
Kukosha kwekupisa kwemvura kwakaderera pane tembiricha yekuzara kunonzi dhigirii remvura inotonhorera. Kutonhorera kwemvura kunowanzoitika pasi pecondenser, mu economizer, uye mu intercooler. Kutonhorera kwemvura kusati kwasvika throttle valve kunobatsira kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekutonhodza.
6. Kubuda kwemvura, kusveta, kuburitsa utsi, kumanikidzwa kwemvura inodziya uye tembiricha
Kumanikidzwa kwekubuda kwemhepo (tembiricha): Kumanikidzwa (tembiricha) kwemufiriji uri mukati memufiriji. Kumanikidzwa kwekudzikamisa mhepo (tembiricha): Kumanikidzwa (tembiricha) kwemufiriji uri mumufiriji.
Kudzvanywa (tembiricha): Kudzvanywa (tembiricha) pachiteshi chekukweva checompressor. Kudzvanywa kwekuburitsa (tembiricha): Kudzvanywa (tembiricha) pachiteshi chekukweva checompressor.
7. Musiyano wekupisa: Musiyano wekupisa: zvinoreva musiyano wekupisa pakati pemvura mbiri dziri kumativi ese emadziro ekupisa. Musiyano wekupisa ndiwo simba rinoita kuti kupisa kupfuure.
Semuenzaniso, pane musiyano wekupisa pakati pe refrigerant nemvura inotonhodza; refrigerant ne brine; refrigerant nemhepo yekuchengetera zvinhu. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwemusiyano wekupisa kwekuchinjisa kupisa, tembiricha yechinhu chinofanira kutonhodzwa yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yekubuda kwemvura; tembiricha yekudziya kwemvura yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yenzvimbo inotonhodza ye condenser.
8. Hunyoro: Hunyoro hunoreva hunyoro hwemhepo. Hunyoro chinhu chinokanganisa kutamiswa kwekupisa.
Kune nzira nhatu dzekuratidza hunyoro:
Hunyoro hwakakwana (Z): Huremu hwemvura pa cubic mita yemhepo.
Hunyoro (d): Huwandu hwemvura inopfungaira iri mukirogiramu imwe chete yemhepo yakaoma (g).
Hunyoro (φ): Inoratidza mwero wehunyoro hwemhepo hwakafanana nehunyoro hwakaguta.
Pakupisa kwakati, mhepo yakati inogona kungobata huwandu hwakati hwemvura. Kana muganho uyu ukadarika, mvura yakawandisa inozopinda mumhute. Huwandu hwakati hwemvura hunonzi hunyoro hwakakasharara. Pasi pemvura yakakasharara, pane hunyoro hwakati hwemvura hwakakasharara ZB, hunochinja nekupisa kwemhepo.
Patembiricha yakati, kana hunyoro hwemhepo hwasvika pahunyoro hwakazara, hunonzi mweya wakazara, uye hauchagoni kugamuchira hunyoro hwemvura hwakawanda; mweya unogona kuramba uchigamuchira huwandu hwakati hwehunyoro hwemvura hunonzi mweya usina kuzara.
Hunyoro hunoenderana nehuwandu hwehunyoro hwakazara Z hwemhepo isina kuguta kusvika kuhunyoro hwakazara ZB hwemhepo yakaguta. φ=Z/ZB×100%. Shandisa izvi kuratidza kuti hunyoro hwakazara hwapedyo sei nehunyoro hwakazara hwakazara.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-08-2022
